Adventures in Brush Painting

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Virginia Lloyd-Davies, author of  "Mindful Artist: Sumi-e Painting" has been painting and teaching sumi-e and Chinese brush techniques for 43 years. Purchase videos in her website store or check out her YouTube channel.

Sumi-e Painting of black ink bird on branch

Simple Sumi-e Bird

Introduction: What is Sumi-e? Sumi-e (ink wash painting from Japan) and Chinese brush painting are based on Asian calligraphy. Subjects are painted with simple strokes, using the tip or the side of the brush.
Here's How: Watch the video and follow the 7 simple steps to create this bird. You will need bottled Chinese ink, a small pointed Chinese brush and a selection of colors of your choice. Absorbent Xuan "rice" paper or newsprint works best.
1. The beak and eye:  These features establish your bird's personality and the relative size of your bird. Use strong black ink and a pointed brush and hold the brush vertically. Use the tip and paint boldly.  Make sure the eye is higher than the midline of the beak:
Black ink painting of bird beak and eye

Sumi-e Bird Beak and Eye

2. The head: This can either be a "volume" stroke painted with the side of the brush, or an "outline" stroke using the tip of the brush. This is a volume stroke:
Black ink Painting of bird head

Add volume stroke to the head

3. The shoulder and belly: Picture an oval egg for the bird's body.  Decide which way it is facing - do we see the back? The side? The front? Do we see a bit of shoulder and wing? You can sketch it in with charcoal to get the size right. If the bird is facing front and sitting on a branch as this one is, then leave space for the branch: 
black ink painting of sumi-e bird facing front

Bird Shoulder and Belly

4. The feet: You can paint in the branch lightly once you have painted the belly, or you can paint in the feet and then add the branch. In this case I painted the feet before the branch: 
Black ink painting of sumi-e bird's feet

Sitting Bird Showing Feet

5. Sitting the bird on the branch: ​Remember that the wings will fold over the bird's back, so they will not hang down in front of the branch. In this case I painted an outline branch, but you could paint it with a volume stroke:
Black ink sumi-e painting of bird sitting on branch

Top Half of Perching Sumi-e Bird

5. Positioning the tail: Add the tail, showing mostly the underside in gray, which will be lighter than the top black feathers. Tip: The tail might extend straight down if the bird is square on to the viewer, or it might go off to the side if the bird is slightly turned, as this one is:
Black ink sumi-e painting of bird tail

Bird Tail

6. Color: Add color to the beak and eye of the bird, and color in the branch. A few dots can indicate leaves. Choose whatever colors you like:
Hand and brush filling in color in bird's eye Picture

Closeup of the bird's head

7. Adding detail: Develop your painting to show the elements surrounding the bird. This could be more branches, leaves or flowers. Remember that the bird is your focal point, so don't over-develop the lesser elements. The negative space (the empty, unpainted area) is what gives prominence to your bird. Sign your masterpiece and congratulate yourself on a job well done! 
Next steps: Browse through my blog posts to find more easy birds to try: lesson on beaks and eyes;  mini-tutorial with video on painting two birds on a branch. Look through my painting galleries to get inspirations for more paintings. Have fun!
Send me questions in the comments section. I'm always happy to help!
11 Comments
Masha - 6 years ago
Thank you for the step by step instructions! It's good to know that you can make decisions as to major elements such as position and type of stroke as you go rather than thinking through the entire composition in advance.
Would you consider the "space" inside the bird's belly as "negative" since it is not being filled or shaded and since the belly is shown wit the outline stroke?
LindainFL - 5 years ago
Wonderful, clear, understandable instructions. Thank you VLD
Virginia Lloyd-Davies - 4 years ago
Thanks Linda! So glad you found it helpful! I have two frog blogs in the works next!
Diptasree Sen - 5 years ago
I don't know why I have never gone through your website. Today luckily I found out and found it very very helpful. Thank you dear Virginia . Painted your bird after a long time . Sent it to you through messenger . ❤️❤️
Virginia Lloyd-Davies - 4 years ago
I loved your version of my bird, Diptasree! Congratulations!
Virginia Lloyd-Davies - 4 years ago
Hello Masha! Good to see you on Zoom last week! Chinese brush paintings are living things. Each stroke informs the and influences the final composition. It's the very essence of improv.
Anna Maria Greenston - 5 years ago
This is just great!
Maya - 5 years ago
Hi Virginia! I love your expressive work. I have a question I was hoping you wouldn't mind answering, about Marie's "Chinese Painting Colors" since I cannot find the answer online. I know that Marie's makes this Chinese watercolor and also a set of Western watercolors, and I do know which is which. But for the Chinese style ones, I see that they have a boxed "Masters" set of 12 small tubes and then also bigger sets with larger tubes, and strangely the larger sets are quite a bit cheaper. Is this because the tubes in the Masters set are actually a higher quality of paint, or are all of Marie's Chinese style painting colors of the same quality? Many thanks if you can clear up this point of confusion. Have a lovely day!
Virginia Lloyd-Davies - 4 years ago
Hello Maya! Sorry I missed your comment earlier. Unfortunately, I don't know the answer to your question - and I wish I did! I suggest you contact Henry Li at Blue Heron Arts or Evan Yeh at Oriental Art Supply to find out. And let me know the answer!
Jenny Ramirez - 4 years ago
Fabulous images and instructions, as always. I am particularly partial to your frog blog! Are you still available to lead workshops? I hope so as I may be in touch next spring when I teach at MBU. Take care!
Virginia Lloyd-Davies - 4 years ago
Hello Jenny! Great to hear from you! I have a new frog blog coming up in a couple of days and have also added a frog gallery. Email me about possible workshops and we'll see what we can work out.